1.    Hinterland - The inland area connected to a particular port, often serving as the port's primary catchment area for imports and exports.

2.    Intermodal Capabilities - The ability of a port to seamlessly transfer goods between different modes of transportation (e.g., ships, trains, trucks) for efficient logistics.

3.    Competitive Advantage - A unique set of attributes or strategies that allows a business or, in this context, a port, to outperform its competitors.

4.    Comparative Advantage - The ability of a country, or in this case, a port, to produce a particular good or service more efficiently than another, leading to a lower opportunity cost.

5.    Operational Challenges - Issues or difficulties faced by a port in its day-to-day functioning, such as logistical problems, infrastructure limitations, or regulatory hurdles.

6.    Comparative Advantage Analysis - Evaluating which country or port has a more efficient and cost-effective production capability for a specific product compared to another.

C/ FOOD FOR HUNGRY THOUGHTS

MAS (2023) International Connectivity, Monetary Authority of Singapore, accessed 20 August 2023. <https://www.mas.gov.sg/development/why-

singapore#:~:text=Singapore%20is%20located%20at%20the,markets%20of%20the%20partner%20countries.>

Medina A (2022) How Singapore is Poised to Take Advantage of Industry 4.0, ASEAN Business News, https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/how-singapore-is-poised-to-take-advantage-of-industry-4-0/, accessed 12 August 2023.

MOIT (2021) Bộ Công Thương kiến nghị một số giải pháp gỡ khó, khắc phục tình trạng ùn tắc hàng hóa tại cảng Cát ..., moit.gov.vn, https://moit.gov.vn/tin-tuc/hoat-dong/bo-cong-thuong-kien-nghi-mot-so-giai-phap-go-kho-khac-phuc-tinh-trang-un-tac-hang-hoa-tai-cang-cat-lai.html, accessed 18 August 2023.

MINDUR, M. (2020) Significance of the port of Singapore against the country’s economic growth. Zeszyty naukowe Politechniki Śla̦skiej. [Online] 106 (106), 107–121.

Nelson, RK, Scarlett, AG, Gagnon, MM, Holman, AI, Reddy, CM, Sutton, PA and Grice, K, (2022) ‘Characterizations and comparison of low sulfur fuel oils compliant with 2020 global sulfur cap regulation for international shipping’, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 180, p.113791.

Nguyen P. & Woo S (2022) Port connectivity and competition among container ports in Southeast Asia based on Social Network Analysis and TOPSIS. Maritime policy and management. [Online] 49 (6), 779–796.

“Terminals.” 2023. Maritime & Port Authority of Singapore (MPA). Accessed December 19. https://www.mpa.gov.sg/port-marine-ops/operations/port-infrastructure/terminals.

Online, T. S. (2022). Faster cargo clearance at Singapore’s Tuas Port with new technology. Retrieved from https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2022/04/20/faster-cargo-clearance-at-singapores-tuas-port-with-new-technology

Phuong, L. (2021). Hai Phong modernizes its seaport system. Retrieved from https://vovworld.vn/en-US/economy/hai-phong-modernizes-its-seaport-system-1053438.vov

Maritime Innovation Ecosystem. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.mpa.gov.sg/regulations-advisory/maritime-singapore/innovation-and-r-d/maritime-innovation-ecosystem

Connecting to the World: Singapore as a Hub Port. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://knowledge.csc.gov.sg/ethos-issue-19/connecting-to-the-world-singapore-as-a-hub-port/

D/ DETAILED OUTLINE

     I.          Executive Summary

-        Location (1 sentence)

-        Historical data (1 sentence)

-        Competitive advantage (1 sentence)

-        Challenges & Recommendation (1 sentence)

-        Comparative advantage (1 sentence)

  II.          Introduction (1-2 slides)

●     Introducing global context

+      Global trade and commerce context

Example: As per Kyove's (2021) definition, globalization refers to the interconnectedness and the growing exchange of products, services, technology, and employment opportunities on a global scale. The remarkable surge in globalization has led to a substantial improvement in international trade. In terms of numbers, global trade reached an unprecedented high of $28.5 trillion in 2021, as reported by UNCTAD in 2022 (UNCTAD 2022a). Consequently, because of the rising trend in global business, there is a noteworthy need for key trading centers strategically positioned at crucial global junctions.

+      Introducing the critical role seaports play in that market

Hints: As pivotal hubs connecting nations, facilitating the movement of goods, and driving economic growth.

●     Introducing the report content

+      State the main aim of your report and presentation

Example: The overarching aim of our report and presentation is to offer a comprehensive and insightful exploration of [Name of Chosen Port]. We seek to unveil the intricacies of this maritime giant, dissecting its historical journey, operational intricacies, competitive advantages, comparative positioning, and the formidable challenges it confronts. By doing so, we aim to provide a well-rounded perspective on this port and offer recommendations that can contribute to its future success.

III.          Overview

●     Location

+      Discuss reasons for location the port

Hint: Explore geographical, economic, strategic, and historical reasons that led to its establishment in a specific area.

Example: Strategic positioning of Singapore port

Singapore is internationally recognized as a prominent global business center and currently ranks as the second most active container port globally in terms of trade volume (Hirschman 2023). The Port of Singapore has greatly benefited from its strategic positioning close to the Malacca Straits, known as one of the busiest maritime routes worldwide. Singapore's port boasts an extensive network of approximately 200 shipping companies, facilitating smooth connections to 600 ports across the globe.

●     Historical evolution

+      Providing insights into the early emergence of the port

+      Its initial purpose

+      The historical context that led to its creation.

Example: Prior to the 19th century, Singapore was renowned as a key trading and service gateway, strategically positioned at the intersection of major global shipping routes connecting China, Australia, Europe, and Asia (Tan 2023).

Following the establishment of the Suez Canal in 1869 and the advancement of steamboat services, the significance of Singapore's port grew substantially, offering ship repair and maintenance services (Tan 2023). The canal not only reduced shipping durations between Europe and Asia but also contributed to a remarkable increase in total trade volume, which reached $105 million between 1870 and 1879 (Singapore National Library Board 2019a).

●     Trace the development and growth of the port over time.

+      Identify any significant disruptions or challenges if any

Hints: This could include wars, economic downturns, technological changes, or shifts in trade patterns.